Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur when the body starts attacking its own cells. Pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid are two immune mediated diseases that are seen within the mouth. The exact appearance of the disease varies but the inflammation is usually characterized by redness and changes in texture of the tissues.

Lesions can often be seen on the lips, gums, tongue,or back of the mouth. Oral lesions are seen in approximately 90% of pemphigus vulgaris cases and anywhere from 50-80% of bullous pemphigoid cases.

Tests to help diagnose the disorder may include biopsy with histopathology and further analysis.

Treatment involves the use of drugs that suppress the immune system, most often steroids.

Masticatory myositis , another autoimmune disease, is discussed elsewhere.